Perfekt with haben or sein?

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The Perfekt needs an auxiliary, and the large majority of verbs take haben. sein is used for verbs of moving from A to B (gehen, fahren, fliegen), for changes of state (aufwachen, einschlafen, sterben) and for sein, bleiben, passieren.

haben

The normal case: every verb with an accusative object and every reflexive verb. Movement without a destination belongs here too: Ich habe eine Stunde getanzt.

Ich habe den Film gesehen.I've seen the film.

sein

Moving from A to B, changing state, plus sein, bleiben, passieren, gelingen. These verbs never have an accusative object.

Wir sind nach Hamburg gefahren.We drove to Hamburg.

The mistake

Ich habe nach Berlin gefahren.

Ich bin nach Berlin gefahren.

„fahren“ describes a change of place here, so it takes „sein“. With an object the same verb flips: Ich habe das Auto gefahren.

Rule of thumb

Rule of thumb: can the verb answer „whom or what?“ Then haben. Are you moving from A to B, or turning into something else? Then sein.

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