← All categories

Literature

19 entries

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe1749–1832

The most important German poet, whose work helped shape world literature.

More

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe is regarded as the most famous German-language writer and a central figure of Weimar Classicism. His epistolary novel The Sorrows of Young Werther made him known across Europe at a young age, while his drama Faust is still considered his principal work. Goethe was at once a poet, novelist, playwright and natural scientist, and worked for decades at the court of Weimar. His output ranges from Sturm und Drang to Classicism and had a lasting influence on the German language and culture.

What to know

  • His principal work Faust, the great German drama - Hauptwerk Faust, das große deutsche Drama
  • The epistolary novel The Sorrows of Young Werther - Der Briefroman Die Leiden des jungen Werthers
  • Central figure of Weimar Classicism - Zentrale Figur der Weimarer Klassik
  • Close friendship and collaboration with Schiller - Enge Freundschaft und Zusammenarbeit mit Schiller
  • Also a poet and natural scientist (Theory of Colours) - Auch Lyriker und Naturforscher (Farbenlehre)
Hallmark

All theory, dear friend, is grey, but green is the golden tree of life. (from Faust)

Grau, teurer Freund, ist alle Theorie, und grün des Lebens goldner Baum. (aus Faust)

Friedrich Schiller1759–1805

Poet and playwright of Weimar Classicism, famous for his dramas of freedom.

More

Alongside Goethe, Friedrich Schiller is the most important representative of Weimar Classicism and one of the most frequently performed German playwrights. His early drama The Robbers made him a leading voice of Sturm und Drang, and he later wrote major stage works such as William Tell and the Wallenstein trilogy. Schiller was also a poet, historian and philosopher and taught as a professor in Jena. His ode To Joy became world-famous through Beethoven's Ninth Symphony and today provides the melody of the European anthem.

What to know

  • The freedom dramas The Robbers and William Tell - Die Freiheitsdramen Die Räuber und Wilhelm Tell
  • The Wallenstein trilogy - Die Wallenstein-Trilogie
  • The poem To Joy (Ode to Joy) - Das Gedicht An die Freude (Ode an die Freude)
  • Close friendship with Goethe in Weimar - Enge Freundschaft mit Goethe in Weimar
  • Also a historian and philosopher - Auch Historiker und Philosoph
Hallmark

Joy, beautiful spark of the gods, daughter of Elysium. (from To Joy)

Freude, schöner Götterfunken, Tochter aus Elysium. (aus An die Freude)

Gotthold Ephraim Lessing1729–1781

Leading poet and thinker of the German Enlightenment.

More

Gotthold Ephraim Lessing was a playwright, critic and one of the most influential figures of the German Enlightenment. With Miss Sara Sampson he created the first bourgeois tragedy in the German language, and his comedy Minna von Barnhelm is regarded as one of the first great German comedies. In his dramatic poem Nathan the Wise he argued for religious tolerance through the famous parable of the ring. As a theatre critic and theorist, Lessing also had a lasting influence on German theatre and the art theory of his time.

What to know

  • Nathan the Wise and the parable of the ring - Nathan der Weise und die Ringparabel
  • A pioneer of religious tolerance - Ein Wegbereiter religiöser Toleranz
  • The first bourgeois tragedy, Miss Sara Sampson - Das erste bürgerliche Trauerspiel Miss Sara Sampson
  • The comedy Minna von Barnhelm - Das Lustspiel Minna von Barnhelm
  • Leading figure of the German Enlightenment - Führende Figur der deutschen Aufklärung
Hallmark

Nathan the Wise, a dramatic poem about religious tolerance

Nathan der Weise, ein dramatisches Gedicht über religiöse Toleranz

Pro

Showing a free sample

3 of 19 entries in this category are free to read. Subscribe to unlock the other 16.

The Culture reference is part of the subscription. Unlock profiles of famous Germans and the meaning, origin and everyday use of the quotes everyone knows.

See plans